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| c. 100 |
| | | A naturalistic style of Buddhist sculpture develops in the Gandhara region, part of modern Pakistan | |
|  | Gandhara sculpture
Fotofile CG
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| c. 100 |
| | | Theravada Buddhism, strong in south India and Sri Lanka, travels with traders through southeast Asia | |
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| c. 120 |
| | | Kanishka rules the Kushan empire of Afghanistan and northern India from his capital at Peshawar | |
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| c. 320 |
| | | The territory of the Gupta dynasty is extended by Chandra Gupta, to include most of the great plain of the Ganges | |
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| c. 380 |
| | | Kalidasa, the most distinguished of India's authors in classical Sanskrit, is at the Gupta court in Patna | |
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| c. 550 |
| | | Chess is first played at about this time, in India, before spreading west to Persia | |
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| c. 600 |
| | | The walls of caves at Ajanta are profusely decorated with Buddhist murals | |
|  | Ajanta Mural
Fotofile CG
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| 712 |
| | | Muslims, arriving from Persia through Baluchistan, occupy the region of Sind in western India | |
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| c. 900 |
| | | A Tamil kingdom, established by the Cholas, controls the whole of south India and will last for two centuries | |
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| c. 900 |
| | | Zoroastrians migrate from Muslim Persia to India, where they become known as Parsees | |
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